Organizing Data and Information

Organizing Data and Information

Data management

When the data organized and manage properly it is easy to transfer data into useful information for the decision makers.

The Hierarchy of Data

Data in the database can be organized in to fields, records and files that form a hierarchy. Data hierarchy begins with a bit and progress through the hierarchy to a database.

• A Bit: Binary Digit (the smallest piece of data used by computers)
• A Byte: A collection of 8 bits (each byte represent a character)
• A Field: A collection of character (letters, numeric digits or special symbols)
• A Record: A collection of related data fields
• A File: A collection of related records
• A Database: A collection of interrelated files or organize set of related data

Data Entities, Attribute, and keys 

Entities attribute and keys are important database concepts which are used to define a database for an application 

• Entity: a person, place, event, concepts, or thing where organization wishes to maintain data
• Entity instance: a single occurrence of an entity
• Attribute: a property or characteristic of an entity
• Data item: a value given to an attribute